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 <front>
 <journal-meta>
 <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">dongu-nec.ru</journal-id>
 <journal-title-group>
 <journal-title xml:lang="ru">Новое в экономической кибернетике</journal-title>
 <trans-title-group xml:lang="en">
 <trans-title>New in Economic Cybernetics</trans-title>
 </trans-title-group>
 </journal-title-group>
 <issn publication-format="electronic">2523-448X</issn>
 </journal-meta>
 <article-meta>
 <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">502</article-id>
 <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5281/zenodo.19231177</article-id>
 <article-categories>
 <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en">
 <subject>Articles</subject>
 </subj-group>
 <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru">
 <subject>Статьи</subject>
 </subj-group>
 <subj-group subj-group-type="article-type">
 <subject>Research Article</subject>
 </subj-group>
 </article-categories>
 <title-group>
 <article-title xml:lang="en">THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN A COUNTRY'S EXPORT BASKET AND HUMAN CAPITAL</article-title>
 <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
 <trans-title>ВЗАИМОСВЯЗЬ ЭКСПОРТНОЙ КОРЗИНЫ СТРАНЫ И УРОВНЯ ЧЕЛОВЕЧЕСКОГО КАПИТАЛА</trans-title>
 </trans-title-group>
 </title-group>
 <contrib-group>
 <contrib contrib-type="author">
 <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0007-3731-9321</contrib-id>
 <name-alternatives>
 <name xml:lang="en">
 <surname>Smirnov</surname>
 <given-names>Andrei</given-names>
 </name>
 <name xml:lang="ru">
 <surname>Смирнов</surname>
 <given-names>Андрей Дмитриевич</given-names>
 </name>
 </name-alternatives>
 <email>asmirnov@eu.spb.ru</email>
 <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref>
 </contrib>
 </contrib-group>
 <aff-alternatives id="aff1">
 <aff xml:lang="ru">
 <institution>Автономная некоммерческая организация высшего образования «Европейский университет в Санкт-Петербурге», Школа вычислительных социальных наук</institution>
 </aff>
 <aff xml:lang="en">
 <institution>Autonomous Non-Commercial Organization of Higher Education "European University at St. Petersburg", School of Computational Social Sciences</institution>
 </aff>
 </aff-alternatives>
 <pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-05-31" publication-format="electronic">
 <day>31</day>
 <month>05</month>
 <year>2026</year>
 </pub-date>
 <issue>1</issue>
 <issue-title xml:lang="en">NO1 (2026)</issue-title>
 <issue-title xml:lang="ru">№1 (2026)</issue-title>
 <fpage>50</fpage>
 <lpage>63</lpage>
 <history>
 <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2026-06-26">
 <day>26</day>
 <month>06</month>
 <year>2026</year>
 </date>
 </history>
 <permissions>
 <copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2026, Новое в экономической кибернетике</copyright-statement>
 <copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2026, New in Economic Cybernetics</copyright-statement>
 <copyright-year>2026</copyright-year>
 <copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Новое в экономической кибернетике</copyright-holder>
 <copyright-holder xml:lang="en">New in Economic Cybernetics</copyright-holder>
 <license license-type="open-access" ns0:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/" xml:lang="ru">
 <license-p>Эта статья распространяется на условиях лицензии Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0)</license-p>
 </license>
 <license license-type="open-access" ns0:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
 <license-p>This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0)</license-p>
 </license>
 <ali:free_to_read />
 </permissions>
 <self-uri ns0:href="https://dongu-nec.ru/index.php/nec/article/view/502">https://dongu-nec.ru/index.php/nec/article/view/502</self-uri>
 <abstract xml:lang="en">
 <p>This article empirically establishes the relationship between a country's export quotient and its human capital. Using panel data from 103 countries from 1996 to 2019, we found that the export industries that drive human capital development are typically associated with high- and medium-tech industrial goods (electronics, mechanical engineering). Goods that involve manual labor (textiles, simple metal products) are, on average, negatively associated with returns to education. An error-correction model, calculated for several categories of countries by national income level, demonstrates relatively stable results for both developing and developed countries. However, in the group of middle-income countries, positive returns are observed not only for the most technologically advanced goods but also for industrial goods based on the processing of natural resources. The article concludes that one of the key factors in the formation of a country's human capital is its export basket. If, as a result of changes in the terms of trade, a country begins to export more goods requiring higher-than-average education, it accumulates human capital. However, if a country has a comparative advantage in the low-tech industrial sector, as well as in the primary goods sector (raw materials), then its incentives for education are likely to stagnate or even deteriorate. Based on existing literature, a mechanism is suggested according to which exports influence human capital through changes in the demand for labor in the labor market. Depending on the sector in which demand increases, the education premium (the wage gap between skilled and unskilled workers) changes, which is crucial for young people when choosing between continuing their education and entering the labor market. A conclusion is drawn about the potential destructive impact of trade liberalization on developing countries that have not yet completed industrialization.</p>
 </abstract>
 <trans-abstract xml:lang="ru">
 <p>В данной статье эмпирически устанавливается взаимосвязь между технологичностью экспорта страны и уровнем ее человеческого капитала. На панельных данных 103 стран с 1996 по 2019 гг. обнаружено, что экспортные отрасли, стимулирующие его развитие, как правило, связаны с промышленными товарами высоко- и среднетехнологичной категорий (электроника, машиностроение). Товары, задействующие в производстве ручной труд (текстиль, простые металлические изделия) в среднем отрицательно связаны с отдачей от обучения. Модель с коррекцией ошибки, рассчитанная для нескольких категорий стран по уровню национального дохода, демонстрирует относительно стабильные результаты как для развивающихся, так и для развитых стран. Однако в группе стран со средним доходом наблюдается положительная отдача не только от самых технологичных товаров, но и от промышленных товаров, основанных на переработке природных ресурсов. В статье делается заключение, что одним из ключевых факторов формирования человеческого капитала страны служит ее экспортная корзина. Если в результате изменения торговых условий страна начинает в большей степени экспортировать товары, требующие образования выше среднего, она накапливает человеческий капитал. Если же страна со сравнительным преимуществом в низкотехнологичном промышленном секторе, а также в секторе первичных товаров (необработанное сырье), то для нее вероятна стагнация или даже ухудшение стимулов к получению образования. Из существующей литературы приводится механизм, согласно которому экспорт влияет на человеческий капитал через изменения спроса на рабочую силу на рынке труда. В зависимости от того, в каком секторе увеличивается спрос, изменяется премия за образование (разница в зарплатах между квалифицированными и неквалифицированными работниками), что является ключевым для молодых людей при выборе между продолжением обучения и выходом на рынок труда. Делается вывод о возможном деструктивном влиянии либерализации торговли для развивающихся стран, не завершивших индустриализацию.</p>
 </trans-abstract>
 <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
 <kwd>international trade, human capital, technological advancement of exports.</kwd>
 </kwd-group>
 <kwd-group xml:lang="ru">
 <kwd>международная торговля, человеческий капитал, технологичность экспорта.</kwd>
 </kwd-group>
 </article-meta>
 </front>
 <body>
 <p>[Полный текст статьи отсутствует в исходных данных. Необходимо добавить текст из PDF или другого источника.]</p>
 </body>
 <back>
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 </article>
